String Functions

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Some functions work with strings.
In the functions that work with strings, sometimes a format pattern of a date or any number must be defined.

For detailed information about date formatting and/or parsing, see Date and Time Format.
For detailed information about formatting and/or parsing of any numeric data type see Numeric Format.
For detailed information about locale see Locale.

Remember that numeric and date formats are displayed using the system value Locale or Locale specified in the defaultProperties file, unless other Locale is explicitly specified.
For more information on how Locale may be changed in the defaultProperties, see Engine Configuration.

List of functions

byteAt

integer byteAt( byte arg, integer index );

The function byteAt returns the byte on the specified position.
The arg is an input byte array.
The index defines the position in the arg. The first item has index equal to 0.
If the index is out of bound, the function fails.
If any of the arguments is null, the function fails.

Example 175. Usage of byteAt
Let b = hex2byte("6d75736b726174"). The function byteAt(b, 0) returns 0x6d, which corresponds to 109.
The function byteAt(b, -1) fails.
The function byteAt(b, null) fails.
The function byteAt(null, 0) fails.

See also: bitAnd, bitIsSet, bitSet, bitLShift, bitNegate, bitOr, bitRShift, bitSet, bitXor, charAt

charAt

string charAt( string arg, integer index );

The charAt() function returns the character from arg which is located at the given index.
The function works only for indexes between 0 and length of input - 1, otherwise it fails with an error.
For null input and empty string input the function fails with an error.

Example 176. Usage of charAt
The function charAt("ABC", 1) returns B.
The function charAt("ABC", 0) returns A.
The function charAt("ABC", -1) fails with an error.
The function charAt("ABC", 3) fails with an error.

See also: byteAt, codePointAt, substring

chop

string chop( string arg );
string chop( string arg, string regexp );

The chop() function removes the line feed and the carriage return characters or characters corresponding to the provided regular pattern from the string.
For null input the function fails with an error.
If the input is empty string, the function returns empty string.
If the regexp is null, the function fails with an error.

Example 177. Usage of chop
The function chop("ab\n z") returns ab z. The \n means line feed (char 0x0A). The character 0x0A can be added to string either from string read by any of readers, or set up using functions hex2byte and byte2str.
The function chop("book and pencil", "and") returns book pencil.
The function chop("A quick brown fox jumps.", "[a-y]{5}") returns A fox.

See also: matches, matchGroups, substring

codePointAt

integer codePointAt( string str, integer index );

The function codePointAt() returns code of a Unicode character from the given position in the string str.
The str parameter contains string with Unicode characters. If str is null, the function fails.
The index parameter specifies a position of the character in the string str. The first character has index 0.
If the index parameter is null, the function fails. If the index parameter is out of range of the string (negative or greater than or equal to length of string), the function fails.

Example 178. Usage of codePointAt
The function codePointAt("enseñar", 0) returns 101.
The function codePointAt("enseñar", 4) returns 241.
The function codePointAt("enseñar", -1) fails.
The function codePointAt("enseñar", 10) fails.
The function codePointAt("enseñar", null) fails.
The function codePointAt(null, 2) fails.

See also: charAt, codePointToChar, isValidCodePoint

codePointLength

integer codePointLength(  integer code );

The function codePointLength() returns number of char values needed to encode the Unicode character code.
If code is greater than or equal to 0x10000, the function returns 2. Otherwise returns 1. Invalid codes are not checked. If validation is needed, use the isValidCodePoint function.
The parameter code is Unicode code point. If the code is null, the function fails.

Example 179. Usage of codePointLength
The function codePointLength(0x41) returns 1.
The function codePointLength(0x10300) returns 2.

codePointToChar

string codePointToChar( integer code );

The function codePointToChar() converts Unicode code to character.
The parameter contains code of the character.
If the code is null, negative or greater than 0x10FFFF, the function fails.

Example 180. Usage of codePointToChar
The function codePointToChar(65) returns A.
The function codePointToChar(0x3B1) returns α.
The function codePointToChar(0x10300) returns 𐌀.
The function codePointToChar(-1) fails.
The function codePointToChar(null) fails.
The function codePointToChar(0x110000) fails.

concat

string concat( string arg1, string ..., string argN );

The function concat() returns concatenation of the strings.
The concat() function accepts unlimited number of arguments of the string data type. You can also concatenate these arguments using plus signs, but this function is faster for more than two arguments.
Null value of arguments are replaced with string 'null' in concatenated string.

Concatenation of more strings with the concat() function is faster than concatenation with + operator.

Example 181. Usage of concat
The function concat("abc", "def", "ghi") returns abcdefghi.
The function concat("abc", null, "ghi") returns abcnullghi.

See also: concatWithSeparator, cut, substring

concatWithSeparator

string concatWithSeparator( string separator, string arg1, string ..., string argN );

The function concatWithSeparator() joins parameters arg1 to argN using separator.
The separator parameter defines a string to be used as a separator in the concatenated string. If the separator parameter is null, the function fails.
The parameters arg1 to argN contain strings to be concatenated. Parameters to be concatenated having null values are omitted.

The functions concat() and concatWithSeparator() handle null string differently.

Example 182. Usage of concatWithSeparator
The function concatWithSeparator(",", "coffee", "milk", "chocolate") returns coffee,milk,chocolate.
The function concatWithSeparator("", "bottle", "neck") returns bottleneck.
The function concatWithSeparator("_", "bash", null, "tcsh") returns bash_tcsh.
The function concatWithSeparator(null, "") fails.
The function concatWithSeparator(" ", "tabular", "itemize") returns tabular itemize.
The function concatWithSeparator("-", null) returns empty string.

See also: concatWithSeparator, split

contains

boolean contains( string input, string substring );

The function contains() returns true if the input string contains a substring. Otherwise the function returns false.
If the parameter input is null, the function returns false.
If the parameter substring is null, the function fails.

Example 183. Usage of contains
The function contains("woodcutting", "wood") returns true.
The function contains("elm", "coffee") returns false.
The function contains(null, "pine") returns false.
The function contains("oak", "") returns true.
The function contains("", "") returns true.
The function contains("spruce", null) fails.

See also: endsWith, startsWith, substring

countChar

integer countChar( string arg, string character );

The countChar() returns the number of occurrences of the character specified as the second argument in the string specified as the first argument.
If one of the given arguments is null or an empty string, the function fails with an error.

Example 184. Usage of countChar
The function countChar("ALABAMA", "A") returns 4.
The function countChar("Alabama", "a") returns 3.

See also: length(string)

cut

string[] cut( string arg, integer[] indices );

The cut() function returns a list of strings which are substrings of the original string specified in the first argument.
The second argument (indices) specifies rules on how the first argument is cut. The number of elements of the list specified as the second argument must be even. The integers in the list serve as position (each number in the odd position) and length (each number in the even position). Substrings of the specified length are taken from the string specified as the first argument starting from the specified position (excluding the character at the specified position).
If the first argument is null or an empty string, the function fails with an error.

Example 185. Usage of cut
The function cut("somestringasanexample",[2,3,1,5]) returns ["mes","omest"].

See also: matchGroups

editDistance

integer editDistance( string arg1, string arg2 );
integer editDistance( string arg1, string arg2, string locale );
integer editDistance( string arg1, string arg2, integer strength );
integer editDistance( string arg1, string arg2, integer strength, string locale );
integer editDistance( string arg1, string arg2, integer strength, integer maxDifference );
integer editDistance( string arg1, string arg2, integer strength, integer maxDifference );
integer editDistance( string arg1, string arg2, integer strength, string locale, integer maxDifference );

The editDistance() function compares two string arguments to each other.

integer editDistance( string arg1, string arg2 );

The strength of comparison is 4 by default, the default value of locale for comparison is the system value and the maximum difference is 3 by default.

The function returns the number of letters that should be changed to transform one of the two arguments to the other. However, when the function is being executed, if it counts that the number of letters that should be changed is at least the number specified as the maximum difference, the execution terminates and the function returns maxDifference + 1 as the return value.
For more details, see another version of the editDistance() function below - the "editDistance (string, string, integer, string, integer)" function called editDistance 7.
If one or both of the input strings to compare are empty strings or null, the function fails with an error.

Example 186. Usage of editDistance 1
The function editDistance("see", "sea") returns 1.
The function editDistance("bike", "bill") returns 2.
The function editDistance("age", "get") returns 2.
The function editDistance("computer", "preposition") returns 4.

See also: metaphone, NYSIIS, soundex

integer editDistance( string arg1, string arg2, string locale );

The editDistance() compares two string arguments to each other using the specified locale.
The function accepts two strings that will be compared to each other and the third argument that is the Locale that will be used for comparison. The default strength of comparison is 4. The maximum difference is 3 by default.
The function returns the number of letters that should be changed to transform one of the first two arguments to the other. However, when the function is being executed, if it finds that the number of letters that should be changed is at least the number specified as the maximum difference, the execution terminates and the function returns maxDifference + 1 as the return value.
For more details, see another version of the editDistance() function below - the "editDistance (string, string, integer, string, integer)" function called editDistance 7.
If one or both of the input strings to compare are empty strings or null function fails with an error.

Example 187. Usage of editDistance 2
The function editDistance("âgé", "âge", "en.US") returns 1.
The function editDistance("âgé", "âge", "fr.FR") returns 1.

integer editDistance( string arg1, string arg2, integer strength );

The editDistance() compares two strings to each other using the specified strength of comparison.
The function accepts two strings that will be compared to each other and the third (integer) that is the strength of comparison. The default locale that will be used for comparison is the system value. The maximum difference is 3 by default.
The function returns the number of letters that should be changed to transform one of the first two arguments to the other. However, when the function is being executed, if it counts that the number of letters that should be changed is at least the number specified as the maximum difference, the execution terminates and the function returns maxDifference + 1 as the return value.
For more details, see another version of the editDistance() function below - the "editDistance (string, string, integer, string, integer)" function called editDistance 7.
If one or both of the input strings to compare are empty strings or null, the function fails with an error.

Example 188. Usage of editDistance 3
The function editDistance("computer", "preposition", 4) returns 4.
The function editDistance("computer", "preposition", 7) fails.
The function editDistance("âgé", "âge", 2) returns 0.
The function editDistance("âgé", "âge", 3) returns 1.

integer editDistance( string arg1, string arg2, integer strength, string locale );

The editDistance() function compares two strings to each other using specified strength of comparison and locale.
The function accepts two strings that will be compared to each other, the third argument that is the strength of comparison and the fourth argument that is the Locale that will be used for comparison. The maximum difference is 3 by default.
The function returns the number of letters that should be changed to transform one of the first two arguments to the other. However, when the function is being executed, if it finds that the number of letters that should be changed is at least the number specified as the maximum difference, the execution terminates and the function returns maxDifference + 1 as the return value.
For more details, see another version of the editDistance() function below - the "editDistance (string, string, integer, string, integer)" function called editDistance 7.
If one or both of the input strings to compare are empty strings or null, the function fails with an error.

Example 189. Usage of editDistance 4
The function editDistance("âgé", "âge", 2, "en.US") returns 1.
The function editDistance("âgé", "âge", 2, "fr.FR") returns 0.

integer editDistance( string arg1, string arg2, string locale, integer maxDifference );

The editDistance() compares two strings to each other using specified locale and maxDifference.
The function accepts two strings that will be compared to each other, the third argument that is the Locale that will be used for comparison and the fourth argument that is the maximum difference. The strength of comparison is 4 by default.
The function returns the number of letters that should be changed to transform one of the first two arguments to the other. However, when the function is being executed, if it finds that the number of letters that should be changed is at least the number specified as the maximum difference, the execution terminates and the function returns maxDifference + 1 as the return value.
For more details, see another version of the editDistance() function below - the "editDistance (string, string, integer, string, integer)" function called editDistance 7.
If one or both of the input strings to compare are empty strings or null, the function fails with an error.

Example 190. Usage of editDistance 5
The function editDistance("bike", "bicycle", "en.US", 2) returns 2.

integer editDistance( string arg1, string arg2, integer strength, integer maxDifference );

The editDistance() compares two strings to each other using specified strength of comparison and maximum difference.
The function accepts two strings that will be compared to each other and two others. These are the strength of comparison (third argument) and the maximum difference (fourth argument). The locale is the default system value.
The function returns the number of letters that should be changed to transform one of the first two arguments to the other. However, when the function is being executed, if it finds that the number of letters that should be changed is at least the number specified as the maximum difference, the execution terminates and the function returns maxDifference + 1 as the return value.
For more details, see another version of the editDistance() function below - the "editDistance (string, string, integer, string, integer)" function called editDistance 7.
If one or both of the input strings to compare are empty strings or null, the function fails with an error.

Example 191. Usage of editDistance 6
editDistance("OAK", "oak", 3, 1) returns 0.
editDistance("OAK", "oak", 4, 3) returns 3.
editDistance("OAK", "oak", 4, 4) returns 3.

integer editDistance( string arg1, string arg2, integer strength, string locale, integer maxDifference );

The editDistance() function compares two strings using the specified strength of comparison, locale and maximum difference.
The first two arguments are strings to be compared.
The third argument (integer number) specifies the strength of comparison. It can have any value from 1 to 4.
If it is 4 (identical comparison), it means that only identical letters are considered equal. In the case of 3 (tertiary comparison), it means that upper and lower cases are considered equal. If it is 2 (secondary comparison), it means that letters with diacritical marks are considered equal. Lastly, if the strength of comparison is 1 (primary comparison), it means that even the letters with some specific signs are considered equal. In other versions of the editDistance() function where this strength of comparison is not specified, the number 4 is used as the default strength (see above).
The fourth argument is the string data type. It is the Locale that serves for comparison. If no locale is specified in other versions of the editDistance() function, its default value is the system value (see above).
The fifth argument (integer number) means the number of letters that should be changed to transform one of the first two arguments to the other. If another version of the editDistance() function does not specify this maximum difference, the default maximum difference is number 3 (see above).
The function returns the number of letters that should be changed to transform one of the first two arguments to the other. However, when the function is being executed, if it counts that the number of letters that should be changed is at least the number specified as the maximum difference, the execution terminates and the function returns maxDifference + 1 as the return value.
Actually the function is implemented for the following locales: CA, CZ, ES, DA, DE, ET, FI, FR, HR, HU, IS, IT, LT, LV, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, SQ, SV, TR. These locales have one thing in common: they all contain language-specific characters. A complete list of these characters can be examined in CTL2 Appendix - List of National-specific Characters.
If one or both of the input strings to compare are empty strings or null, the function fails with an error.

Example 192. Usage of editDistance 7
The function editDistance("OAK", "oak", 4, "en.US", 1) returns 2.

endsWith

boolean endsWith( string str, string substr );

The function endsWith() checks whether the string str ends with the substr string.
If the parameter str is null, the function returns false.
If the parameter substr is null, the function fails.

Example 193. Usage of endsWith
The function endsWith("products.txt", ".txt") returns true.
The function endsWith("tree.png", ".ico") returns false.
The function endsWith(null, ".pdf") returns false.
The function endsWith("dog.ogg", null) fails.

See also: contains, startsWith

escapeUrl

string escapeUrl( string arg );

The escapeUrl() function escapes illegal characters within components of a specified URL (for the URL component description, see isUrl). Illegal characters must be escaped by a percent (%) symbol, followed by the two-digit hexadecimal representation (case-insensitive) of the ISO-Latin code point for the character, e.g. %20 is the escaped encoding for the US-ASCII space character.
The function accepts a valid URL only. For an invalid URL, empty string or nullinput, the function fails with an error.

Example 194. Usage of escapeUrl
The function escapeUrl("http:// returns http://.

escapeUrlFragment

string escapeUrlFragment( string input );
string escapeUrlFragment( string input, string encoding );

The escapeUrlFragment function escapes potentially obtrusive characters.
The input parameter is a string to be escaped. If the input is null, the nullis returned.
The optional parameter encodingenables to change encoding of the result string. The default encoding is UTF-8. If the encoding is nullfunction fails.

Example 195. Usage of escapeUrlFragment
The function escapeUrlFragment("The URL") returns The+URL.
The function escapeUrlFragment("Žlutý kůň") returns %C5%BDlut%C3%BD+k%C5%AF%C5%88.
The function escapeUrlFragment("1+1=2") returns 1%2B1%3D2.
The function escapeUrlFragment(null) returns null.
The function escapeUrlFragment("Žlutý kůň", "utf-8") returns %C5%BDlut%C3%BD+k%C5%AF%C5%88.
The function escapeUrlFragment("Žlutý kůň", "iso-8859-2") returns %AElut%FD+k%F9%F2.
The function escapeUrlFragment("abc", null) fails with an error.

See also: escapeUrl, isUrl, unescapeUrl, unescapeUrlFragment

find

string[] find( string arg, string regex );
string[] find( string arg, string regex, integer group_number );

The find() function returns a list of substrings corresponding to the regular expression pattern that is found in the second argument.
If the second argument is an empty string, the function returns a list of empty strings. The sum of empty strings in the list is same as the length of the original string plus one; e.g. the string 'mark' results in the list of five empty strings.
If one or both of the two arguments are null value, the function fails with an error.
The third argument specifies which regular expression group to use.

Example 196. Usage of find
The function find("A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", " [a-z]") returns [ q, b, f, j, o, t, l, d].
The function find("A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", " [a-z]*") returns [ quick, brown, fox, jumps, over, the, lazy, dog].
The function find("A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", "( )([a-z]*)([a-z])", 2) returns [quic, brow, fo, jump, ove, th, laz, do].

See also: matchGroups

getAlphanumericChars

string getAlphanumericChars( string arg );
string getAlphanumericChars( string arg, boolean takeAlpha, boolean takeNumeric );

The getAlphanumericChars() function returns only letters and digits contained in a given argument in the order of their appearance in the string. The other characters are removed.
For an empty string input, the function returns an empty string. For null input, the function returns null.
If the takeAlpha is present and set to true and takeNumeric is set to false, the function will return letters only.
If the takeNumeric is present and set to true and takeAlpha is set to false, the function will return numbers only.

Example 197. Usage of getAlphanumericChars
The function getAlphanumericChars("34% of books") returns 34ofbooks.
The function getAlphanumericChars("(8+4)*2") returns 842.
The function getAlphanumericChars("gâteau") returns gâteau.
The function getAlphanumericChars("123 books", true, false) returns books.
The function getAlphanumericChars("123 books", false, true) returns 123.
The function getAlphanumericChars("123 books", false, false) returns 123 books.

getComponentProperty

string getComponentProperty( string propertyName );

The function getComponentProperty() returns value of a component attribute.
The propertyName argument is a name of an attribute of a component.
If propertyName is null, the function getComponentProperty() returns null.
If propertyName does not match the name of any existing attribute, the function returns null.

Example 198. Usage of getComponentProperty
The function getComponentProperty("type") returns DATA_GENERATOR in DataGenerator.
The function getComponentProperty("id") returns MAP2 in the third Map.
The function getComponentProperty(null) returns null.
The function getComponentProperty("AQuickBrownFoxJumpsOverTheLazyDog") returns null.

See also: toProjectUrl

getFileExtension

string getFileExtension( string arg );

The getFileExtension() function extracts a file extension from a specified path or URL.
Returns the textual part of the file name after the last dot. There must be no directory separator after the dot. If extension is not present in the argument, returns an empty string.
The function returns null value for null input.

Example 199. Usage of getFileExtension
The function getFileExtension("theDir/library.src.zip") returns zip.
The function getFileExtension("ftp://ftp.example.com/home/user1/my.documents/log") returns empty string.

getFileName

string getFileName( string arg );

The getFileName() function extracts a file name from a specified path or URL.
Returns the text after the last forward or backslash. If the file name is not present in the argument, returns an empty string.
The function returns null value for null input.

Example 200. Usage of getFileName
The function getFileName("http:// returns theExample.html.
The function getFileName("C:/Users/Public/Desktop/January") returns January.
The function getFileName("file:///home/user1/documents/") returns empty string.

getFileNameWithoutExtension

string getFileNameWithoutExtension( string arg );

The getFileNameWithoutExtension() function extracts a base file name from a specified path or URL.
Returns the text after the last forward or backslash and before the last dot. If the base name is not present in the argument, returns an empty string.
The function returns null value for null input.

Example 201. Usage of getFileNameWithoutExtension
The function getFileNameWithoutExtension("http:// returns library.src.
The function getFileNameWithoutExtension("sandbox://shared/data-in/documents/.index") returns empty string.

getFilePath

string getFilePath( string arg );

The getFilePath() function extracts a file path (without the file name) from a specified full path or URL.
Returns the text before and including the last forward or backslash. Also replaces backslashes with forward slashes. If the path is not present in the argument, returns an empty string.
The function returns null value for null input.

Example 202. Usage of getFilePath
The function getFilePath("C:\\Program Files\\.\\Java\\src.zip") returns C:/Program Files/./Java/.
The function getFilePath("index.html") returns empty string.

getUrlHost

string getUrlHost( string arg );

The getUrlHost() function parses out a host name from a specified URL.
If the hostname part is not present in the URL argument, an empty string is returned. If the URL is not valid, null is returned. For the scheme, see isUrl.
The function returns null value for an empty string and null input.

Example 203. Usage of getUrlHost
The function getUrlHost("http:// returns www.example.com.
The function getUrlHost("file:///home/user1/documents/cat.png") returns empty string.

getUrlPath

string getUrlPath( string arg );

The getUrlPath() function parses out a path from a specified URL.
If the path part is not present in the URL argument, an empty string is returned. If the URL is not valid, null is returned. For the scheme, see isUrl.
The function returns null value for an empty string and null input.

Example 204. Usage of getUrlPath
The function getUrlPath("http:// returns /theDir/theExample.html.

getUrlPort

integer getUrlPort( string arg );

The getUrlPort() function parses out a port number from a specified URL.
If the port part is not present in the URL argument, -1 is returned. If the URL has invalid syntax, -2 is returned. For the scheme, see isUrl.
The function returns -2 value for an empty string and nullinput.

Example 205. Usage of getUrlPort
The function getUrlPort("http:// returns -1.
The function getUrlPort("http:// returns 8080.

getUrlProtocol

string getUrlProtocol( string arg );

The getUrlProtocol() function parses out a protocol name from a specified URL.
If the protocol part is not present in the URL argument, an empty string is returned. If the URL is not valid, null is returned. For the scheme, see isUrl.
The function returns null value for the empty string and null input.

Example 206. Usage of getUrlProtocol
The function getUrlProtocol("http:// returns http.

getUrlQuery

string getUrlQuery( string arg );

The getUrlQuery() function parses out a query (parameters) from a specified URL.
If the query part is not present in the URL argument, an empty string is returned. If the URL syntax is invalid, nullis returned. For the scheme, see isUrl.
The function returns nullvalue for the empty string and nullinput.

Example 207. Usage of getUrlQuery
The function getUrlQuery("http:// returns empty string.
The function getUrlQuery("http:// returns a=file&name=thefile.txt.

getUrlRef

string getUrlRef( string arg );

The getUrlRef() function parses out the fragment after # character, also known as ref, reference or anchor, from a specified URL.
If the fragment part is not present in the URL argument, an empty string is returned. If the URL syntax is invalid, nullis returned. For the URL scheme, see isUrl.
The function returns nullvalue for the empty string and nullinput.

Example 208. Usage of getUrlRef
The function getUrlRef("http:// returns empty string.
The function getUrlRef("http:// returns abc014.

getUrlUserInfo

string getUrlUserInfo( string arg );

The getUrlUserInfo() function parses out a username and password from a specified URL.
If the userinfo part is not present in the URL argument, an empty string is returned. If the URL syntax is invalid, nullis returned. For the scheme, see isUrl.
The function returns nullvalue for the empty string and nullinput.

Example 209. Usage of getUrlUserInfo
The function getUrlUserInfo("http:// returns empty string.
The function getUrlUserInfo("http://user1: returns user1:passwor123.

indexOf

integer indexOf( string arg, string substring );
integer indexOf( string arg, string substring, integer fromIndex );

The indexOf() function returns the index (zero-based) of the first occurrence of substringin the string. Returns -1 if no occurrence is found.
If the parameter arg is null, the function returns -1. See compatibility notice.
If the second argument is null, the function fails with an error. If the second argument is an empty string, the function returns 0.
Start position for search is set up using parameter fromIndex.

Example 210. Usage of indexOf
The function indexOf("Hello world!", "world") returns 6.
The function indexOf("Hello world", "o") returns 4.
The function indexOf("Hello world", "o", 6) returns 7.
The function indexOf("Hello world", "book") returns -1.
The function indexOf("Hello world", "") returns 0.
The function indexOf(null, "chair") returns -1.

See also: indexOf, matches

isAscii

boolean isAscii( string arg );

The isAscii() checks the string for occurrence of non-ASCII characters.
The function takes one string argument and returns a boolean value depending on whether the string can be encoded as an ASCII string (true) or not (false).
If the input is null or empty string, the function returns true.

Example 211. Usage of isAscii
The function isAscii("Hello world! ") returns true.
The function isAscii("voilà") returns false.

isBlank

boolean isBlank( string arg );

The isBlank() function takes one string argument and returns a boolean value depending on whether the string contains only white space characters (true) or not (false).
If the input is null or an empty string, the function returns true.

Example 212. Usage of isBlank
The function isBlank(" ") returns true. There are 3 space chars (char 0x20) between quotes.
The function isBlank(" ") returns true. Hard space character (0xA0) has been used between the quotes.
The function isBlank(" bc") returns false.

See also: removeBlankSpace

isDate

boolean isDate( string input, string pattern );
boolean isDate( string input, string pattern, boolean strict );
boolean isDate( string input, string pattern, string locale );
boolean isDate( string input, string pattern, string locale, boolean strict );
boolean isDate( string input, string pattern, string locale, string timeZone );
boolean isDate( string input, string pattern, string locale, string timeZone, boolean strict );

The isDate() function returns true if the input matches the date pattern. Returns false otherwise.
If the input is null, the function returns false.
If the pattern is null or an empty string, the default date format is used.
If the parameter locale is missing, default Locale is used.
If the parameter TimeZone is missing, default Time Zone is used.
If strictis true, the date format is checked using a conversion from string to date, conversion from date to string and subsequent comparison of the input string and result string. If the input string and result string differ, the function returns false. This way you can enforce a required number of digits in the date.
If strictis null, or the function does not have the argument If strict, it works the same way as if set to false - the format is not checked in the strict way.

Example 213. Usage of isDate
The function isDate("2012-06-11", "yyyy-MM-dd") returns true.
The function isDate("2012-06-11", "yyyy-MM-dd HⓂ️s") returns false.
The function isDate("2014-03-30 2:30 +1000", "yyyy-MM-dd H:m Z", "en.US") returns true.
The function isDate("2014-03-30 2:30", "yyyy-MM-dd H:m", "en.US", "GMT-5") returns true.
The function isDate("6.007.2015", "dd.MM.yyyy", false) returns true whereas the function isDate("6.007.2015", "dd.MM.yyyy", true) returns false.

See also: isInteger, isLong, isNumber, str2date

isDecimal

boolean isDecimal( string arg );
boolean isDecimal( string arg, string format );
boolean isDecimal( string arg, string format, string locale );

The isDecimal function checks a possibility to convert a string to a decimal data type.
The format determines the data conversion. See Numeric Format. If format is not used, the function checks that arg is compatible with java BigDecimal.
The locale parameter is described in Locale. If the function is called without the locale parameter, the default locale is used.
The parameter arg is the string to be checked. If the parameter arg can be converted to decimal, the function returns true, otherwise it returns false . It the parameter is null, the function returns false .

Example 214. Usage of isDecimal
The function isDecimal(null) returns false.
The function isDecimal("") returns false.
The function isDecimal("half") returns false.
The function isDecimal("4096") returns true.
The function isDecimal("2.71828") returns true.
The function isDecimal("2.147483648e9") returns true.
The function isDecimal("123,456.78", "###,###.##") returns true.
The function isDecimal("123 456,78", "###,###.##", "fr.FR") returns true. There should be a hard space (character 160) between 3 and 4.

See also: isDate, isInteger, isLong, isNumber, str2decimal

isEmpty(string)

boolean isEmpty( string arg );

The isEmpty() function checks whether a given string is nullor of zero length.
If argis null, function returns true.

Example 215. Usage of isEmpty
isEmpty("") returns true.
string s = null; isEmpty(s); returns true.
isEmpty("cup of tea") returns false.

See also: Container functions: isEmpty(container)

isInteger

boolean isInteger( string arg );

The isInteger() function checks a possibility to convert a string to an integer.
The function takes one string argument and returns a boolean value depending on whether the string can be converted to an integer number (true) or not (false).
If the input is an empty string or null, the function returns false.

Example 216. Usage of isInteger
The function isInteger("141592654") returns true.
The function isInteger("-718281828") returns true.
The function isInteger("999999999") returns true.
The function isInteger("12345.6") returns false.
The function isInteger("1234567890123") returns false.
The function isInteger("spruce") returns false.

See also: isDate, isDecimal, isLong, isNumber, str2integer

isLong

boolean isLong( string arg );

The isLong() function checks a possibility to convert a string to a long number.
The function takes one string argument and returns a boolean value depending on whether the string can be converted to a long number (true) or not (false).
If the input is an empty string or null, the function returns false.

Example 217. Usage of isLong
The function isLong("732050807568877293") returns true.
The function isLong("-236067977499789696") returns true.
The function isLong("999999999999999999") returns true.
The function isLong("12345.6") returns false.
The function isLong("12345678901234567890") returns false.
The function isLong("oak") returns false.

See also: isDate, isDecimal, isInteger, isNumber, str2long

isNumber

boolean isNumber( string arg );

The isNumber() function checks the possibility to convert a string to a number (double).
The function takes one string argument and returns a boolean value depending on whether the string can be converted to a double (true) or not (false).
If the input is an empty string or null, the function returns false.

Example 218. Usage of isNumber
The function isNumber("41421356237") returns true.
The function isNumber("-12345.6") returns true.
The function isNumber("12345.6e3") returns true.
The function isNumber("larch") returns false.

See also: isDate, isDecimal, isInteger, isLong, str2double

isUnicodeNormalized

boolean isUnicodeNormalized( string str, string form );

Determine whether the str input string is Unicode normalized according to the given form.
The parameter str is a string to be checked for accordance with the normalized form. If the parameter str is null , the function returns true .
The parameter form contains identification of the Unicode normalization form. Following normalization forms are available:

NFD: Canonical Decomposition
NFC: Canonical Decomposition followed by Canonical Composition
NFKD: Compatibility Decomposition
NFKC: Compatibility Decomposition followed by Canonical Composition

If the parameter form is null, the function fails.

Example 219. Usage of isUnicodeNormalized
The function isUnicodeNormalized("\u0041"+"\u030A", "NFD") returns true.
The function isUnicodeNormalized("\u00C5", "NFD") returns false.
The function isUnicodeNormalized(null, "NFD") returns true.
The function isUnicodeNormalized("seashore", null) fails.
The function isUnicodeNormalized("\u0041"+"\u030A", "NFC") returns false.
The function isUnicodeNormalized("\u00C5", "NFC") returns true.
The function isUnicodeNormalized("\uFB01", "NFKD") returns false.
The function isUnicodeNormalized("\u0066\u0069", "NFKD") returns true.
The function isUnicodeNormalized("\u0073\u0323\u0307", "NFKC") returns false.
The function isUnicodeNormalized("\u1E69", "NFKC") returns true.

isUrl

boolean isUrl( string arg );

The isUrl() function checks whether a specified string is a valid URL of the following syntax:

foo://username:[email protected]:8042/there/index.dtb?type=animal;name=cat#nose
\_/   \____________/ \______/ \__/\______________/ \__________________/ \__/
 |           |          |      |         |                  |             |
protocol  userinfo     host   port      path               query         ref

For more information about the URI standards, see http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt.
If the input is empty string or null, the function returns false.

Example 220. Usage of isUrl
The function isUrl("http://username: returns true.

isValidCodePoint

boolean isValidCodePoint( integer code );

The function isValidCodePoint() returns trueif the code value is valid Unicode code point.
If the parameter codeis null, the function returns false.

Example 221. Usage of isValidCodePoint
The function isValidCodePoint(-1) returns false.
The function isValidCodePoint(0) returns true.
The function isValidCodePoint(0x03B1) returns true.
The function isValidCodePoint(0x10300) returns true.
The function isValidCodePoint(0x110000) returns false.
The function isValidCodePoint(null) fails.

See also: codePointAt, codePointLength, codePointToChar

join

string join( string delimiter, <element type>[] arg );
string join( string delimiter, map[<type of key>,<type of value>] arg );

The join() converts elements from the list or map of elements to their string representation and puts them together with the first argument as a delimiter.
If the delimiter is null, the function joins string representations of elements from the list with the empty string.

Example 222. Usage of join
Let’s call a list containing values a, b and c as myString. The function join(":", myString) returns a:b:c.
The function join(null, myString) using the list from previous example returns abc.
Let’s call map[integer, string] as theMap and insert values into the map theMap[0] = "cat", theMap[1] = "grep" and theMap[3] = "head". The function join(" ", theMap) returns 0=cat 1=grep 3=head.
The function join(null, theMap) using the theMap from previous example returns 0=cat 1=grep 3=head.

See also: concat

lastIndexOf

integer lastIndexOf( string input, string substr );
integer lastIndexOf( string input, string substr, integer index );

The function lastIndexOf returns an index of the last occurrence of the substr substring within the given string input, searching backwards from the given position or from the end.
The parameter input is a string in which the occurrence of the substr string is searched. If input is null, the function returns -1.
The parameter substr is a substring to be searched. If the parameter substr is null, the function fails.
The parameter index denotes the position in the input, where the substring matching process starts. If the parameter is negative, the function returns -1. If the parameter is null, the function fails.

Example 223. Usage of lastIndexOf
The function lastIndexOf(null, "quad") returns -1.
The function lastIndexOf(null, "quad", 5) returns -1.
The function lastIndexOf("data", "a") returns3.
The function lastIndexOf("fabricable", "ab", 5) returns 1.
The function lastIndexOf("fabricable", "ab", 6) returns 6.
The function lastIndexOf("fabricable", "ab", -1) returns -1.
The function lastIndexOf("fabricable", "ab", 20) returns 6.
The function lastIndexOf("fabricable", null, 0) fails.
The function lastIndexOf("fabricable", "ab", null) fails.

See also: indexOf

left

string left( string input, integer length );
string left( string input, integer length, boolean spacePad );

The left() function returns a substring of input with the specified length.
If the input is shorter than length, the function returns the input unmodified. The result may be padded with spaces, based on the value of spacePad.
If the input is null, the function returns null.
If spacePad is set to false, the function behaves the same way as the left(string, integer) function. If spacePad is set to true and the input is shorter than length, the function pads the input with blank spaces from the right side.

Example 224. Usage of left
The function left("A very long text", 6) returns A very.
The function left("A very long text", 20) returns A very long text.
The function left("text", 10, true) returns text. There are 6 space chars appended after the text.

See also: right, substring

length(string)

integer length( structuredtype arg );

The length() function accepts a structured data type as its argument: string, <element type>[], map[<type of key>,<type of value>] or record. It takes the argument and returns a number of elements forming the structured data type.
If the argument is null or empty string, the function returns 0.

Example 225. Usage of length
The function length("string") returns 6.
Let’s call a list containing values ab, bc and cd as myString. The function length(myString) returns 3.

See also: Container functions: length(container), Record functions: length(record)

lowerCase

string lowerCase( string input );

The lowerCase() function returns the input string with letters converted to lower case only.
If the input is null, the function returns null.

Example 226. Usage of lowerCase
The function lowerCase("Some string") returns some string.

See also: upperCase

lpad

string lpad( string input, integer length );
string lpad( string input, integer length, string filler );

The lpad() function pads input string from left using specified characters.
If the parameter input is null the function returns null.
The parameter length is minimal length of an output string. If the string length is lower than the parameter length, the string is padded from left using space or using filler. Otherwise the input string is returned.
If the parameter length is negative _or null, the function fails.
It the filler parameter is null, _empty string or longer than one character, function fails.

Example 227. Usage of lpad
The function lpad("256", 0) returns 256.
The function lpad("256", 5) returns " 256".
The function lpad("256", -1) fails.
The function lpad(null, 2) returns null.
The function lpad("", 0) returns "".
The function lpad("", 2) returns " ".
The function lpad("256", 5, "0") returns 00256.
The function lpad("Great Dipper", 20, "") fails.
The function lpad("Little Dipper", 20, null) fails.
The function lpad("Little Dipper", 17, "The ") fails.

See also: left, right, rpad

matches

boolean matches( string text, string regex );

The matches() function checks the string to match the provided regular pattern.
The function returns true, if the text matches the regular expression regex. Otherwise it returns false.
If the text is null, the function returns false. If the regex is null, the function fails with an error.

Example 228. Usage of matches
The function matches("abc", "[a-c]{3}") returns true.
The function matches("abc", "[A-Z]{3}") returns false.

See also: isAscii, isBlank, isDate, isDecimal, isInteger, isLong, isNumber, isUrl

matchGroups

string[] matchGroups( string text, string regex );

The matchGroups() function returns the list of group matches (the substrings matched by the capturing groups of the regex) if text matches the regular expression regex.
The list is zero-based and the element with index 0 is the match for the entire expression. The following elements (1, …) correspond with the capturing groups indexed from left to right, starting at one. The returned list is unmodifiable. If text does not match regex, null is returned.
If the text argument is null, the function returns null. If the regex is null, the function fails with an error.

Example 229. Usage of matchGroups
The function matchGroups("A fox", "([A-Z]) ([a-z]*)") returns [A fox, A, fox]. The first group is a whole pattern, patterns enclosed in parentheses follow.
The function matchGroups("A quick brown fox jumps", "[A-Z] [a-z]{5} [a-z]{5} ([a-z]*) ([a-z]{5})") returns [A quick brown fox jumps, fox, jumps].

See also: cut, split, substring

metaphone

string metaphone( string arg );
string metaphone( string arg, integer maxLength );

The metaphone() function returns the metaphone code of the first argument.
For more information, see the following site: www.lanw.com/java/phonetic/default.htm.
The default maximum length of the metaphone code is 4.
The function returns null value for the null input.

Example 230. Usage of metaphone
The function metaphone("cheep") returns XP.
The function metaphone("sheep") returns XP.
The function metaphone("international") returns INTR.
The function metaphone("cheep", 1) returns X.
The function metaphone("sheep", 2) returns XP.
The function metaphone("bookworm", 3) returns BKW.
The function metaphone("international", 7) returns INTRNXN.

See also: editDistance, NYSIIS, soundex

normalizePath

string normalizePath( string arg );

The normalizePath() function normalizes a specified path or URL to a standard format, removing single and double dot path segments. Also replaces backslashes with forward slashes.
If normalization fails because there is a double dot path segment that is not preceded by a removable parent path segment, the function returns null.
The function returns a null value for a null input.

Example 231. Usage of normalizePath
The function normalizePath("zip:(C:\\Data\..\\archive.zip)#inner1/../inner2/./data.txt") returns zip:(C:/archive.zip)#inner2/data.txt.
The function normalizePath("home/../../data") returns null.

normalizeWhitespaces

string normalizeWhitespaces( string arg );

The normalizeWhitespaces() function takes one string argument and returns another string with all white space characters replaced with a single space. Leading and trailing white spaces are removed altogether (trimmed).

Following Unicode character categories are considered as white space by the function:

The function returns a null value for a null input.

Example 243. Usage of normalizeWhitespaces
The function normalizeWhitespaces(" many spaces ") returns many spaces.
The function normalizeWhitespaces("name:\t\tvalue") returns name: value.

NYSIIS

string NYSIIS( string arg );

The NYSIIS() function returns the New York State Identification and Intelligence System Phonetic Code of the argument.
For more information, see the following site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_State_Identification_and_Intelligence_System. This implementation works with numbers. Input string which contains numbers will result in unchanged string. E.g. input '1234' results in string '1234'.
If the input of function is null, the function returns null. If the input of function is empty string, the function returns empty string.

Example 232. Usage of NYSIIS
The function NYSIIS("cheep") returns CAP.
The function NYSIIS("sheep") returns SAP.
The function NYSIIS("international") returns INTARNATANAL.

See also: editDistance, metaphone, soundex

properCase

string properCase( string arg );
string properCase( string arg, string locale );

The properCase() function takes one string argument and returns another string with all words converted to proper case. Proper case is text that is written with each of the first letters of every word being capitalized.

Specifying locale allows you to apply specifics of any language. For example, in English the proper case of word "iceland" is "Iceland" but in Dutch the proper case of word "ijsland" is "IJsland" because of the "ij" digraph present in the Dutch language.

If the locale is null or an empty string, the respective default value is used instead.

If the input is null, the function returns null.

Example 245. Usage of properCase
The function properCase("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog") returns The Quick Brown Fox Jumps Over The Lazy Dog.
The function properCase("ijsland") returns Ijsland.
The function properCase("ijsland", "nl.NL") returns IJsland.

See also: lowerCase, upperCase

randomString

string randomString( integer minLength, integer maxLength );

The randomString() function returns a string consisting of lowercase letters.
Its length is between <minLength; maxLength>. Characters in the generated string always belong to ['a'-'z'] (no special symbols).
If one of the given arguments is null, the function fails with an error.

Example 233. Usage of randomString
The function randomString(3, 5) returns for example qjfxq.

randomUUID

string randomUUID(  );

The function randomUUID() generates a random universally unique identifier (UUID).
The generated string has this format:
hhhhhhhh-hhhh-hhhh-hhhh-hhhhhhhhhhhh
where h belongs to [0-9a-f]. In other words, you generate hexadecimal code of a random 128bit number.
For more details on the algorithm used, see the Java documentation.

Example 234. Usage of randomUUID
The function randomUUID returns, for example, cee188a3-aa67-4a68-bcd2-52f3ec0329e6.

removeBlankSpace

string removeBlankSpace( string arg );

The removeBlankSpace() function takes one string argument and returns another string with white characters removed.
The function removes chars 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x1E and 0x1F. The function does not remove chars 0x00A0 (hard space), 0x2007 and 0x202F.
If the input is null, the function returns null.

Example 235. Usage of removeBlankSpace
The function removeBlankSpace("a quick brown fox") returns aquickbrownfox.
The function removeBlankSpace("1 000 000") returns 1 000 000, provided the string contains hard space (char 0xA0).

removeDiacritic

string removeDiacritic( string arg );

The removeDiacritic() function takes one string argument and returns another string with diacritical marks removed.
If the input is null, the function returns null.

Example 236. Usage of removeDiacritic
The function removeDiacritic("Voyez le brick géant que j’examine.") returns Voyez le brick geant que j’examine.
The function removeDiacritic("Küchen") returns Kuchen.
The function removeDiacritic("Příšerný žluťoučký kůň úpěl ďábelské ódy.") returns Priserny zlutoucky kun upel dabelske ody.

removeNonAscii

string removeNonAscii( string arg );

The removeNonAscii() function returns string with non-ASCII characters removed.
If the input is null, the function returns null.

Example 237. Usage of removeNonAscii
The function removeNonAscii("Voyez le brick géant que j’examine.") returns Voyez le brick gant que j’examine.
The function removeNonAscii("Příšerný žluťoučký kůň úpěl ďábelské ódy.") returns Pern luouk k pl belsk dy.

removeNonPrintable

string removeNonPrintable( string arg );

The removeNonPrintable() function takes one string argument and returns another string with non-printable characters removed.
If the input is null, the function returns null.
For the list of characters considered as non-printable, see www.fileformat.info/controlcharacters.
The function is not dependent on character encoding.

Example 238. Usage of removeNonPrintable
Let’s call a string containing chars A (code 0x41), B (code 0x42), bell (code 0x07) and C (code 0x43) as myString. The function removeNonPrintable(myString) returns ABC.

replace

string replace( string arg, string regex, string replacement );

The replace() function replaces characters from the input string matching the regexp with the specified replacement string.
The function takes three string arguments - a string, a regular expression and a replacement.
All parts of the string that match the regex are replaced. The user can also reference the matched text using a backreference in the replacement string. A backreference to the entire match is indicated as $0. If there are capturing parentheses, specifics groups as $1, $2, $3, etc. can be referenced.
Important - please beware of similar syntax of $0, $1, etc. While used inside the replacement string, it refers to matching regular expression parenthesis (in order). If used outside a string, it means a reference to an input field. See the examples.
A modifier can be used at the start of the regular expression: (?i) for case-insensitive search, (?m) for multiline mode or (?s) for "dotall" mode where a dot (".") matches even a newline character.
If the first argument of the function is null, the function returns null. If the regexp pattern is null, the function fails with an error. If the third argument is null, the function fails with an error, unless the specified regexp does not match the first input.

Example 239. Usage of replace
The function replace("Hello","[Ll]","t") returns "Hetto".
The function replace("Hello", "e(l+)", "a$1") returns "Hallo".
The function replace("Hello", "e(l+)", $in.0.name) returns HJohno if input field name on port 0 contains the name John.
The function replace("Hello", "(?i)L", "t") will produce Hetto while replace("Hello", "L", "t") will just produce Hello.
The function replace("cornerstone", "(corner)([a-z]*)", "$2 $1") returns stone corner.

See also: lowerCase, translate, upperCase

reverse(string)

string reverse( string arg );

The reverse() function reverses the order of characters of a given string and returns the reverted string.
If the given string is null, the function returns null.

Example 240. Usage of reverse
Function reverse("knot") returns tonk.

See also: Record functions: reverse(list)

right

string right( string arg, integer length );
string right( string arg, integer length, boolean spacePad );

The right() function returns the substring of the length specified as the second argument counted from the end of the string specified as the first argument.
If the input string is shorter than the length parameter, the function returns the original string.
If the input is null, the function returns null.
If the spacePad argument is set to true, the new string is padded. Whereas if it is false or the function does not have the argument spacePad, the input string is returned as the result with no space added.

Example 241. Usage of right
The function right("A very long string", 4) returns ring.
The function right("A very long string", 20) returns A very long string.
The function right("text", 10, true) returns text.

See also: left, substring

rpad

string rpad( string input, integer length );
string rpad( string input, integer length, string filler );

The function rpad pads a string from right side to specified length using space or user-defined character.
The parameter input contains a string to be padded. If the input is shorter than specified in the parameter length, the input is padded from the right side using filler. The input with sufficient length is returned unmodified.
If the parameter input is null, the function returns null.
The parameter length defines the minimal length of the result string. If the parameter length is negative, the function fails.
The optional parameter filler defines the character used for pad. The function rpad(string, integer) uses space character as a filler. If the filler is null, empty string or a string having more than 1 character, the function fails.

Example 242. Usage of rpad
The function rpad("A quick brown fox", 2) returns "A quick brown fox".
The function rpad("A quick brown fox", 20) returns "A quick brown fox ".
The function rpad(null, 0) returns null.
The function rpad("A quick fox", -1) fails.
The function rpad("A quick fox", null) fails.
The function rpad("A quick brown fox", 20, ".") returns "A quick brown fox…".
The function rpad("A quick brown fox", 20, null) fails.
The function rpad("A quick brown fox", 20, "") fails.
The function rpad("A quick brown fox", 20, " jumps") fails.

See also: left, lpad, right

soundex

string soundex( string arg );

The soundex() function takes one string argument and converts the string to another.
The resulting string consists of the first letter of the string specified as the argument and three digits. The three digits are based on the consonants contained in the string when similar numbers correspond to similarly sounding consonants.
If the input of the function is null, the function returns null.
If the input is an empty string, the function returns an empty string.

Example 243. Usage of soundex
The function soundex("cheep") returns C100.
The function soundex("sheep") returns S100.
The function soundex("book") returns B200.
The function soundex("bookworm") returns B265.
The function soundex("international") returns I536.

See also: editDistance, metaphone, NYSIIS

split

string[] split( string arg, string regex );
string[] split( string arg, string regex, integer limit );

The split() function splits a string from the first argument, based on a regular expression given as the second argument.
The function searches in the first argument for substrings matching the regexp. If any substring matching the regexp exists, it is used as a delimiter and the arg is split up using the delimiter. The resulting parts of the string are returned as a list of strings. If the regular pattern does not match any character in the string arg, a list containing one item (the string arg) is returned.
The function split() removes terminating empty list items from the result. See the function split("cuckoo","o") in examples.
If the input parameter arg is an empty string, the function returns a list with one empty string.
If the input arg is null, the function returns an empty list.
If the regexp argument is null, the function fails with an error.
The limit parameter limits the number of items in the list to be returned. If the limit is positive, at most the specified number of items will be returned. The unsplit residue of input string is the last item of the list. If the limit is zero, the limit is not applied and the function works as without the limit parameter: The trailing empty list items are trimmed. If the limit parameter is negative, the limit is not applied and trailing empty fields are not trimmed. If the function is called without the limit parameter, it works in the same way as with limit set to 0.

Example 244. Usage of split
The function split("anaconda", "a") returns [, n, cond].
The function split("abcdefg", "[ce]") returns ["ab", "d", "fg"].
The function split("cuckoo", "o") returns [cuck]. The empty terminating list item is discarded.
The function split("cuckoos", "o") returns [cuck, , s].
The function split("oak,spruce,larch,,", ",") returns [oak, spruce, larch].
The function split("oak,spruce,larch,,maple", ",") returns [oak, spruce, larch, , maple]. The empty list item has not been discarded as there is non-empty string maple following the empty list item.
The function split("rabbit", "b{2}[aeiou]") returns [ra, t].
The function split("woodcock", "oo") returns [w, dcock].
The function split("woodcock", "[oo]") returns [w, , dc, ck].
The function split("frog,blowfish,serpent",";") returns [frog,blowfish,serpent]. The first string does not contain a semicolon, thus the content of the first list item is frog,blowfish,serpent.
The function split("/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin::", ":", -1) returns [/bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/bin, , ].
The function split("/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin::", ":", 0) returns [/bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/bin].
The function split("/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin::", ":", 1) returns [/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin::].
The function split("/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin::", ":", 2) returns [/bin, /sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin::].
The function split("/bin:/sbin", ":", 5) returns [/bin, /sbin].

See also: concat, concatWithSeparator, substring, matchGroups

startsWith

boolean startsWith( string str, string sub );

The startsWith() function returns true if the parameter str starts with string sub.
If the parameter str is null, the function returns false.
If the parameter sub is null, the function fails.

Example 245. Usage of startsWith
The function startsWith("quadratic", "quad") returns true.
The function startsWith("quadratic", "linear") returns false.
The function startsWith(null, "a") returns false.
The function startsWith("quadratic", null) fails.

See also: contains, endsWith

substring

string substring( string arg, integer fromIndex );
string substring( string arg, integer fromIndex, integer length );

The substring() function returns a substring of an input string.
The function substring(arg, fromIndex) returns a substring of arg starting at the position fromIndex.
The function substring(arg, fromIndex, length) returns a substring of arg starting at the position fromIndex limited by length.
If the original string arg is null, the function returns null. If the arg is empty string, the function returns empty string.
The parameter fromIndex defines the starting position of the substring. If fromIndex is negative or null, the function fails.
The parameter length is a maximal length of the returned substring. If length is negative or null, the function fails.

Example 246. Usage of substring
The function substring("elfish", 2) returns fish.
The function substring("network", 20) returns empty string.
The function substring("network", null) fails.
The function substring("minute", 2, 3) returns nut.
The function substring("text", 1, 2) returns "ex".
The function substring("network", 3, 0) returns empty string.
The function substring("network", 20, 2) returns empty string.
The function substring("network", 6, 5) returns k.
The function substring("network", null, 1) fails.
The function substring("network", -2, 1) fails.
The function substring("network", 3, null) fails.
The function substring("network", 3, -4) fails.
The function substring(null, 1, 1) returns null.

See also: charAt, cut, left, right, trim

toProjectUrl

string toProjectUrl( string path );

The toProjectUrl() function converts a relative path, e.g. data-in/file.txt to a full URL containing the name of the sandbox: sandbox://mysandbox/data-in/file.txt.
The parameter path is a relative path to the file.
If the parameter path is null, the function toProjectUrl() returns null.

Example 247. Usage of toProjectURL
Following examples use sandbox called documentation. If you use examples in your sandbox, you will see yourSandboxName instead of documentation.
The function toProjectUrl("") returns sandbox://documentation/.
The function toProjectUrl(null) returns null.
The function toProjectUrl(".") returns sandbox://documentation/.
The function toProjectUrl("/") returns file:/.

translate

string translate( string arg, string searchingSet, string replaceSet );

The translate() function replaces the characters given in the second string of the first argument with characters from the third string.
If one or both of the second or the third argument is null, the function fails with an error.
If the input of the function is null, the function returns null.

Example 248. Usage of translate
The function call translate('Hello','eo','is') results in the string Hills.

See also: replace, toAbsolutePath

trim

string trim( string arg );

The trim() function takes one string argument and returns another string with leading and trailing white spaces removed.
If the input of the function is an empty string, the function returns an empty string.
If the input of the function is null, the function returns null.

Example 249. Usage of trim
The function trim(" Text and space chars ") returns Text and space chars.

See also: isBlank, removeBlankSpace, replace, substring

unescapeUrl

string unescapeUrl( string arg );

The unescapeUrl() function decodes escape sequences of illegal characters within components of a specified URL.
Escape sequences consist of a percent (%) symbol, followed by the two-digit hexadecimal representation (case-insensitive) of the ISO-Latin code point for the character, e.g. %20 is the escaped encoding for the US-ASCII space character. For the URL component description, see isUrl.
Function accepts a valid URL only. For an invalid URL, empty string or nullinput, the function fails with an error.

Example 250. Usage of unescapeUrl
The function unescapeUrl("http:// returns http://.

unescapeUrlFragment

string unescapeUrlFragment( string  input );
string unescapeUrlfragment( string input, string encoding );

The function unescapes a string escaped by escapeUrlFragment.
The parameter input is a string to be unescaped. It the parameter is null, the function returns null.
The parameter encoding is an encoding to be used in conversion. If the encoding is null, the conversion fails.

Example 251. Usage of unescapeUrlFragment
The function unescapeUrlFragment(null) returns null.
The function unescapeUrlFragment("") returns empty string.
The function unescapeUrlFragment("the+URL") returns "the URL".
The function unescapeUrlFragment("cook+book", null) fails.

See also: escapeUrl, escapeUrlFragment, isUrl, unescapeUrl

unicodeNormalize

string unicodeNormalize( string input, string form );

The unicodeNormalize() normalizes an input string using a specified normalization form.
The parameter input contains the string to be normalized. If the parameter input is null, the function returns null.
The parameter form defines the normalization form to be used. Following normalization forms are available:

NFD: Canonical Decomposition
NFC: Canonical Decomposition followed by Canonical Composition
NFKD: Compatibility Decomposition
NFKC: Compatibility Decomposition followed by Canonical Composition

If the parameter form is null, the function fails.

Example 252. Usage of unicodeNormalize
The function unicodeNormalize("\u00C5", "NFD") returns "\u0065\u030A".
The function unicodeNormalize("\u0041"+"\u030A", "NFD") returns "\u0065\u030A".
The function unicodeNormalize("\u00C5", "NFC") returns "\u00C5".
The function unicodeNormalize("\u0041"+"\u030A", "NFC") returns "\u00C5".
The function unicodeNormalize("\u00C5", null) fails.
The function unicodeNormalize(null, "NFD") returns null.

See also: isUnicodeNormalized

upperCase

string upperCase( string arg );

The upperCase() function takes one string argument and returns another string with cases converted to upper cases only.
The function returns null for a nullinput.

Example 253. Usage of upperCase
The function upperCase("Some string") returns SOME STRING.

See also: lowerCase

Updated 12 months ago